Ambajogai, Maharashtra: Remember
the Satyamev Jayate Water Cup, a yearly competition that celebrity
couple Aamir Khan and Kiran Rao started in Maharashtra in 2016? The
task was to engage villages in soil and water conservation
activities, which would thereby tackle the problem of drought the
state is prone to. The village of Warapgaon in the drought-hit
Marathwada region had participated twice in the competition — in
2017 and then in 2018. While it did not win either year, it has gone
on to become a water-sufficient village, which is a big win in itself
given that it battled scarcity for decades.It
was only a few years ago, in 2015, that Warapgaon village — located
in Beed district’s Ambajogai taluka
— was in the grip of a deadly drought. Residents either had to walk
long distances to fetch water or were dependent on tankers. That
year, Beed recorded only 297mm of rainfall while the state average
stood at 678mm. ‘Rural
India lacks scientific knowledge’ 
Senior
citizens such as Chandrakant Raut have witnessed the life-changing
droughts that hit Marathwada, first in 1972 and later in 2015. He
shares that a couple of decades ago, they could find water within six
metres of digging up the ground. But after the 2015 drought,
borewells 244 meters deep had dried up, indicating the extent of the
drop in water levels.
But
the village has a different story to tell today. “Now, after
water-shedding work, our wells and hand pumps are recharged, and we
can irrigate our farms continuously in summer too,” Raut says.
“This helps farmers to dare to go for cash crops such as sugarcane,
cotton, mulberry, and vegetables.”<div class="embed-container" style="line-height: 1.6;" align="center"><img src="https://assets.ramen.101reporters.com/inpic/2021/3/101RPT832796/a_farm_that_recently_cultivated_sugarcane._after_water_harvesting,_farmers_are_able_to_cultivate_cash_crops_like_sugar_cane_which_consume_more_water._credits-abhijeet_gurjar.jpg" id="890827" style="width: 100%;"></div><div class="embed-container" style="line-height: 1.6;" align="center">Due to rainwater harvesting, farmers are now able to cultivate cash crops such as sugarcane. Credit: Abhijeet Gurjar</div><div class="embed-container" style="line-height: 1.6;" align="center"> </div>
This
success story can be credited to Prasad Chikshe, an activist from
Ambajogai taluka, who is
engaged in rural education and water conservation works in the
region. A master’s graduate from the College Of Engineering Pune,
he’s presently the head of the Ambajogai chapter of Jnana
Prabodhini, one of the NGOs with which he has been working towards
his cause.&nbsp; “I
could feel the helplessness of the villagers. Every day, the number
of farmer suicides was increasing. Marathwada was becoming the hub
for such cases,” he says. Beed recorded 1,681 incidents of farmer
suicides between 2001 and 2018, the highest in Marathwada, where the
predominance of cotton cultivation under unirrigated conditions
pushed farmers into low yields and debt traps.
<div class="embed-container" style="line-height: 1.6;" align="center"><img src="https://assets.ramen.101reporters.com/inpic/2021/3/101RPT832796/20-04-2016_prasad_chikshe_at_the_inauguration_of_labour_donation_camp._credits-_prasad_chikshe_(2).jpg" id="890824" style="width: 100%;"></div>A labour donation camp at Warapgaon. Credit: Prasad ChiksheChikshe was working with youth and children in the region when he noticed the issues with water that the residents were facing. Before developing a plan to counter the water scarcity, he carried out a survey to get to the root of the problem — he found that poor irrigation methods for the last 50 years, uncontrolled borewells running more than 300 metres deep, cultivation of water-intensive crops such as sugarcane, lack of activities to recharge water bodies, sand mining in rivers and soil erosion had contributed to the drought-like condition in the district. “The real problem in rural India is the lack of scientific knowledge of irrigation and water management,” he points out.In May 2012, the activist started Jagar, a water awareness campaign, with the help of Jnana Prabodhini and Tata Trusts, Mumbai. He was invested in this project for a couple of years, during which he organised group meetings in villages located within Ambajogai. At these meetings, he highlighted the need for water harvesting by showcasing success stories of villages like Hiware Bazar in Ahmednagar district.&nbsp;Soon after, he began a pilot project in Vivekwadi village — around 10km from Warapgaon — where he, along with the NGOs, educated residents about sustainable methods of inter-cropping and crop patterns and how they affect the environment. Chikshe took the lessons on conservation and implementation he learnt from Vivekwadi to other villages of his Ambajogai taluka, including Warapgaon. ‘We have water all-year round'According to Vivek Giridhari, a senior fellow from Jnana Prabodhini, the 2015 drought in Marathwada underlined the need for water harvesting projects in the region. But it was the Satyamev Jayate Water Cup announced in 2016 by Paani Foundation (NGO started by Kiran Rao and Aamir Khan along with the Satyamev Jayate team) that gave villages the impetus to come out of the crisis. The prospect of fame and glory got them involved in watershed management and conservation work, Giridhari says, adding that while many NGOs like Manavlok had already been doing great work in this space, other non-profits expanded their work to Marathwada because of the competition.Warapgaon, located only 12km from the Ambajogai taluka headquarters, could not have escaped the drought conditions had it not been for the involvement of local villagers in 2017. Though high school teacher and social worker Navanath Mali recalls that it was not easy to convince them to participate — back then, they needed to devote time to wait for tankers to collect water for their homes and fields despite being located by the Amravati river. But Chikshe, along with Jnana Prabodhini and Manavlok, took up the initiative of motivating them and explaining to them the need for this water-shedding work, which ultimately brought the villagers to participate in labour camps in Warapgaon.&nbsp;&nbsp; <div class="embed-container" style="line-height: 1.6;" align="center"><img src="https://assets.ramen.101reporters.com/inpic/2021/3/101RPT832796/date_17-04-2016_prasad_chikshe_elaborating_importance_of_rainwater_harvesting_with_a_demonstration_with_the_mobile_model_of_rainwater_harvesting_in_villages._credits-_prasad_chikshe.jpg" id="890826" style="width: 100%;"></div>Prasad Chikshe (in kurta) held a demonstration of rainwater harvesting. Credit: Prasad Chikshe Thereafter, residents of the village came together to carry out irrigation work; they dug the riverbed for desilting, strengthened the dams, carried out rainwater harvesting and also bore the expenses involved in operating machinery and vehicles. Reservoirs were overhauled with the help of state-sanctioned funds; Mumbai-based Samasta Mahajan assisted with the procurement of necessary equipment; the three NGOs pulled together financial aid of Rs6.5 lakh, whereas residents pooled in Rs3.5 lakh for many of the activities to be carried out for the Water Cup.&nbsp; Pandurang Veer, a farmer from Warapgaon, is thankful to Chikshe and the NGOs for their conservation efforts under the competition. “Earlier, we couldn’t irrigate our farms, which resulted in low agricultural development. But we are now capable of modern techniques of cultivation,” he says.&nbsp; Raut, the elderly farmer who watched his village transform over decades, says that desilting the dams had helped immensely in tackling the water problem, allowing them to farm round the year — unlike earlier when they could only cash in during the kharif season and miss out on the rabi season due to their dependency on rainfall alone. “Earlier, we could not imagine irrigating farms as we didn’t have water to drink,” he says. “The water crisis in the village has ended, and now, Amravati flows till March and we can utilise water from the reservoirs for irrigation till May. This assurance of water from irrigation has helped farmers try their hand at new crops like sugarcane and vegetables.” <div class="embed-container" style="line-height: 1.6;" align="center"><img src="https://assets.ramen.101reporters.com/inpic/2021/3/101RPT832796/first_rainwater_collected_in_pits_on_the_hillside,_where_rainwater_uses_to_runoff._credits-_prasad_chikshe_(2).jpg" id="890825" style="width: 100%;"></div>The villagers have dug pits like this to collect rainwater. Credit: Prasad Chikshe Ankush Shinde, former sarpanch of Warapgaon, is proud of how his village sets an example for others in Ambajogai taluka. “We might have lost the [Water Cup] competition, but we stand out strikingly among all other villages because we rejuvenated our river; it flows all through the year now,” he says. He continues, “We carried out extensive river-deepening and widening work. Of the 24 small dams and reservoirs around our village, four medium-sized dams were deepened and strengthened. Our village farmland of 650 hectares has some 200 pits stored with water, in addition to wells, borewells and hand pumps with water available from six meters. Our village is now water-sufficient — for drinking and irrigation purposes.”<style type="text/css">&lt;font face="Charter"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20px;"&gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;</style>