Poor government patronage and the increased price of sanitary pads following COVID-19 lockdown put Madhya Pradesh scheme to ensure menstrual hygiene on the back burner
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh: Chanda* of Chimka Tola in Mandla skips school for four days in a month citing one reason or the other. A student of class 11, she is restless when she menstruates. The cloth piece that she uses these days adds to the irritability. When the state government’s Project Udita was up and running, things were much easier for adolescents like her.
“Walking to school is a problem. The constant rubbing of
the cloth piece with the skin can cause rashes, followed by itching and burning
sensation. It should be changed frequently, but is also difficult to wash and
dry. I do not feel like studying. In fact, the first two days are mostly spent
sleeping,” said Chanda.
Launched by the Women and Child Development Department in 2016, Project
Udita offered a pack of six sanitary pads through anganwadi centres.
It also sensitised women on the need to maintain menstrual hygiene, which made
Chanda and others switch to sanitary pads.
Some centres sold the pack for Rs 12, while others priced it at Rs 15.
As there was no government-fixed price, the vendors took the liberty to tweak
prices after considering the cost of travel to a given village from the
district headquarters.
Yet, the low rates of sanitary pads were helpful for village women and
adolescents who mostly depend on the nominal income of their husbands or
fathers. Sanitary pads are priced upward from Rs 35 per pack in shops,
whereas good quality products cost anywhere between Rs 60 and 100.
Initially, the department helped coordinate the supply from pad-making
agencies to anganwadi centres at the lowest possible price.
Later, the agencies and anganwadis started dealing directly
with each other. Vendors sell pads to distributors, who then get it to the
centres through a commission-based channel. Anganwadi
workers made the payments before or after the sales, as per the agreement they
made with the vendor. However, this system did not work well in all centres.
In a tweet
in April 2016, Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan had claimed that special
corners were set up in 22,000 anganwadis under
Project Udita. In reality, only banners and posters provided by the government
for the scheme’s publicity adorn such corners. Forget villages, even anganwadis in cities do not have fully
functional corners.
There was no government allocation to buy pads or install pad vending machines. The scheme envisaged installation of vending machines by the Women and Child Development Department, after taking help from private companies, NGOs and donors. But that too did not take off. Only very few centres got the machines under Corporate Social Responsibility activities of some companies.
As a result, Project Udita came to an abrupt end in the early days of
the COVID-19 spread, thereby forcing women and girls to return to cloth use.
“There is no risk of leakage or no issue in moving around when using sanitary
pads. Moreover, it lasts for more time than the cloth piece, which has to be
changed twice or thrice a day. We are not allowed to wash the cloth in the area
where men take baths. Washing in the open is another problem. Sun drying of the
cloth is also difficult as male members of the family should not see it,” said
Chanda.
Poor record
According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16,
rural Madhya Pradesh ranks worst in
the country in menstrual health management, with only 26.4% women between the
ages of 15 and 24 adopting hygienic practices.
A survey conducted in 2018 by Bhagidari Foundation on
the menstrual behaviour of adolescent girls and women found that 88% women use
cloth pieces during menstruation, while the rest use sanitary pads. As much as
42% of the surveyed women use the same cloth many times, while 29% use dirty
cloth.
According to Bhopal-based Dr RK Badve,
women who do not use sanitary napkins during menstruation are at 70% higher
risk of contracting reproductive tract infection. White discharge, itching,
burning sensation, swelling in the uterus and frequent urge to urinate can be
other fallouts. If not taken care of, the infection can reach vagina and enter
the umbilical cord. The possibility of bacteria reaching the vagina or urinary
tract increases through defecation.
Rachna Dhingra, women's rights activist and member of the Bhopal Group for Information and Action, said there was a need to create awareness in rural areas about menstrual hygiene. “Village women and girls use the same cloth for a long time and do not wash and dry it properly, which can lead to many diseases.”
Nobody has an answer
If handling sanitary pads were much easier, why was its supply stopped?
Ask anyone, and the standard reply is “they stopped coming”. An Accredited
Social Health Activist (ASHA) supervisor from Betul district told 101Reporters that
sometimes the demand was so high that they had to make calls for distribution
of more pads. “Even in rural areas, most adolescent girls and women started
using pads after Project Udita was launched. Now, it is back to square one.”
An anganwadi worker from Narmadapuram district
confirmed that the pads costing Rs 12 were much sought-after. Another from
Narayanganj in Mandla said she used to order as many pads as she thought would
be necessary after gauging the demand. “We were told to buy for Rs 60 the
sanitary pads that were earlier available at Rs 12. As women cannot afford it,
we stopped giving orders,” said another worker.
Along with lack of demand for sanitary pads, an anganwadi worker
in Kilol Park area of Bhopal had to deal with the problem of rats. “The special
corner has proved to be very popular here. In January last year, we had to
close it down for two months as rats gnawed the pads stored there. As there was
no scope of government help, I had to bear the cost of these unsold pads and pay
the price to the vendor,” she told 101Reporters on condition of anonymity.
She usually bought sanitary pads by keeping aside a part of her
honorarium of Rs 10,000 and adjusted the amount later when buyers gave money.
That had to be stopped as her honorarium was not paid for a few months. She has
again started receiving the monthly pay on time now, but has no plans to buy
pads as keeping them safe from rats is a big task. The pad-making units do not
manufacture dispensing units.
Sukarma Foundation chairperson Maya Vishwakarma, better known as ‘Padwoman of India’,
told 101Reporters that Project Udita has remained only on
paper. “In anganwadi centres, women did not get pads free of
cost. Only a few centres, that too mostly in cities, had special corners. The
pads can be cheaper, but 18% Goods and Services Tax (GST) is charged on the raw
material. In such a situation, how can anyone supply pads at low rates? If
anyone still manages to sell cheap, its quality may not be good,” she said.
Emphasising the need to provide concession, she added, “No government
can distribute sanitary pads free of cost, it should not either. Rather, it
should reduce the production cost by giving a GST exemption.”
Despite repeated attempts, officials in the Women and Child Development
Department were not ready to divulge any information regarding Project Udita.
On condition of anonymity, one of them told 101Reporters that
not a single rupee was allocated for the scheme.
“The government says sanitary pads should be made available to women.
From where and how will anganwadis get it done? We do not have
an answer when anganwadi workers put forth these questions. Earlier, it could
be made available at low rates. Now, the cost of raw materials and production
charges have increased. How can any vendor make it available for Rs 12 or 15?”
Meanwhile, Shashi Shyam Uike, Joint Director, Women and Child
Development Department, Jabalpur Division, told 101Reporters that
pads were being made available in the anganwadi centres in his
division. “We will take necessary steps if they are not available in any anganwadi.”
Irony is that Mandla falls under Jabalpur division and girls like Chanda are
yet to see a renewed supply of sanitary pads.
* Name changed to protect privacy
Edited by Rekha Pulinnoli
Cover photo - For representational purposes only (Photo - Flickr/picturesbypriyesh)
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